A Generalization of the Fujisawa–Kuh Global Inversion Theorem

We discuss the problem of global invertibility of nonlinear maps defined on the finitedimensional Euclidean space via differential tests. We provide a generalization of theFujisawa-Kuh global inversion theorem and introduce a generalized ratio conditionwhich detects when the pre-image of a certain class of linear manifolds is non-emptyand connected. In particular, we provide conditions that also detect global injectivity

Produktionsmittelbesteuerung in der Landwirtschaft: In Deutschland relativ hohe Belastung im Vergleich zu wichtigen EU-Konkurrenzländern

Das ifo Institut untersuchte im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE) die Besteuerung bestimmter Produktionsmittel in ausgewählten EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Neben einem steuerrechtlichen Teil, in dem die unterschiedlichen Regelungen in den einzelnen Ländern dargelegt wurden, lag der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf der Analyse der sich ergebenden Belastungen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsmittel für landwirtschaftliche Modellbetriebe. Von besonderem Interesse war dabei, die Verschiedenartigkeit der Belastung und die dadurch steuerlich bedingten Wettbewerbsverzerrungen zu erkennen. Darüber hinaus schafft das Gutachten eine Basis für die aktuelle Diskussion über die Chancen eines aktiven Beitrags des steuerpolitischen Instrumentariums zur Umstrukturierung der Landwirtschaft. Für die untersuchten Ländern wurde aufgezeigt, welche Staaten im Bereich der Landwirtschaft ökologisch orientierte Steuern auf Produktionsmittel einsetzen und welches Instrumentarium dabei primär verwendet wird. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass die steuerlichen Regelungen für die landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsmittel deutlich unterschiedliche Belastungen ergeben. Dabei führen die deutschen Vorschriften, neben den steuerlichen Regelungen in Dänemark und Schweden, zu vergleichsweise hohen Belastungen - überraschenderweise weisen ökologisch orientierte Betriebe eine höhere steuerliche Belastung auf als konventionell orientierte Betriebe. Zudem konnten die mit dem Einsatz ökologisch motivierter Steuern auf landwirtschaftliche Produktionsmittel erhofften Effekte in der Empirie nur zum Teil nachgewiesen werden. Aber ohne Einsatz dieser Steuern würde beispielsweise die Belastung der landwirtschaftlichen Flächen mit Düngemittel und Pestiziden in einigen EU-Ländern über dem derzeitigen Niveau liegen.Produktionsfaktor, Landwirtschaft, Steuerbelastung, Wettbewerb, Vergleich, Deutschland, EU-Staaten

Nonlinear dynamics of self-sustained supersonic reaction waves: Fickett's detonation analogue

The present study investigates the spatio-temporal variability in the dynamics of self-sustained supersonic reaction waves propagating through an excitable medium. The model is an extension of Fickett's detonation model with a state dependent energy addition term. Stable and pulsating supersonic waves are predicted. With increasing sensitivity of the reaction rate, the reaction wave transits from steady propagation to stable limit cycles and eventually to chaos through the classical Feigenbaum route. The physical pulsation mechanism is explained by the coherence between internal wave motion and energy release. The results obtained clarify the physical origin of detonation wave instability in chemical detonations previously observed experimentally.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

The Corporate Tax Reform of 2008: Germany’s Answer to Globalisation – or just Patchwork?

ISSN:1612-066

Time-lapse electrical resistivity anomalies due to contaminant transport around landfills

The extent of landfill leachate can be delineated by geo-electrical imaging as a response to the varying electrical resistivity in the contaminated area. This research was based on a combination of hydrogeological numerical simulation followed by geophysical forward and inversion modeling performed to evaluate the migration of a contaminant plume from a landfill. As a first step, groundwater flow and contaminant transport was simulated using the finite elements numerical modeling software FEFLOW. The extent of the contaminant plume was acquired through a hydrogeological model depicting the distributions of leachate concentration in the system. Next, based on the empirical relationship between the concentration and electrical conductivity of the leachate in the porous media, the corresponding geo-electrical structure was derived from the hydrogeological model. Finally, forward and inversion computations of geo-electrical anomalies were performed using the finite difference numerical modeling software DCIP2D/DCIP3D. The image obtained by geophysical inversion of the electric data was expected to be consistent with the initial hydrogeological model, as described by the distribution of leachate concentration. Numerical case studies were conducted for various geological conditions, hydraulic parameters and electrode arrays, from which conclusions were drawn regarding the suitability of the methodology to assess simple to more complex geo-electrical models. Thus, optimal mapping and monitoring configurations were determined

When IoT Meets DevOps: Fostering Business Opportunities

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the new digital revolution for the near-future society, the second after the creation of the Internet itself. The software industry is converging towards the large-scale deployment of IoT devices and services, and there’s broad support from the business environment for this engineering vision. The Development and Operations (DevOps) project management methodology, with continuous delivery and integration, is the preferred approach for achieving and deploying applications to all levels of the IoT architecture. In this paper we also discuss the promising trend of associating devices with microservices, which are further encapsulated into functional packages called containers. Docker is considered the market leader in container-based service delivery, though other important software companies are promoting this concept as part of the technology solution for their IoT customers. In the experimental section we propose a three-layer IoT model, business-oriented, and distributed over multiple cloud environments, comprising the Physical, Fog/Edge, and Application layers.     Keywords: Internet-of-Things, software technologies, project management, business environment Heading